EVALUATION IN AN ERA OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES: A SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO IMPLEMENTING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Abstract

The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive and systematic mapping of the evolution of evaluation theories and paradigms, with particular attention to their relevance and applicability in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the context of today's global challenges. The research tasks include systematizing evaluation theories, identifying stages of their historical development, comparative characterization, as well as evaluating new trends and digital approaches. Using a structured literature review (SLR) based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, classical and new paradigms (positivist, constructivist, realist, transformative and digital/evaluative) were synthesized and their epistemology, methods, role of stakeholders and relevance to the SDGs were compared. The research methodology is based on a structured literature review (SLR) approach, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines to ensure transparency and reproducibility. A combined methodology was used: bibliometric analysis, inductive content classification, and historical comparative method, which allowed identifying the stages of paradigm development and their contextual characteristics. The synthesised review contributes to theoretical clarity, provides policymakers with practical insights into evaluation practice, and outlines future research directions, particularly in the context of global sustainability and digital transformation. The results clarify theoretical developments and offer practical insights for evaluation practitioners and policymakers, while also outlining a future research agenda on digital transparency, equity and capacity building in evaluation.